Health issues are something we all hope to avoid, but both humans and pets are susceptible to certain conditions that require awareness and care. While it might be uncomfortable to think about, understanding common illnesses that affect dogs can help you catch problems early and ensure your furry friend stays healthy.

Different breeds are prone to specific health problems, and some conditions are surprisingly widespread. Below, we’ve highlighted ten of the most common health issues seen in dogs. Many are not immediately life-threatening, but a few may need prompt veterinary attention and advanced treatment.

1. Cataracts
Cataracts are particularly common in aging dogs and can significantly impair vision, much like in humans. These eye opacities can develop due to aging, trauma, or eye diseases. Some puppies are born with cataracts or may develop them within weeks of birth.

2. Ear Infections
Dogs that spend a lot of time outdoors are more prone to ear infections. Dirt, dust, grass seeds, and other foreign particles can get trapped in their ears, causing irritation. If your dog starts scratching or pawing at their ears frequently, it’s time for a check-up. Veterinarians often prescribe medicated ear drops, and regular ear cleaning can help prevent issues.

3. Kennel Cough
Kennel cough is a contagious respiratory illness often seen in dogs from shelters, kennels, or vet clinics. Despite the name, it’s similar to a common cold and is usually caused by viral or bacterial infections. It’s difficult to avoid in crowded environments, but providing proper care—including good nutrition, hydration, and rest—helps recovery. Vaccination can also prevent severe cases.

4. Diarrhea
Diarrhea can arise from various causes, such as food allergies, spoiled treats, or eating something inappropriate. While often mild, it can sometimes signal a serious underlying condition, so monitoring and prompt veterinary advice are recommended if it persists.

5. Arthritis
Arthritis is a common concern among senior dogs—about 20% of dogs in Australia develop osteoarthritis during their lifetime. Symptoms can be subtle: reduced activity, stiffness, or difficulty getting up, especially in cold weather or mornings. Maintaining a healthy weight, providing anti-inflammatory medications, and keeping your dog active can help manage the discomfort.

6. Fleas and Ticks
Fleas are almost unavoidable at some point, but effective medications make controlling infestations straightforward. Ticks, however, can pose serious health risks—especially certain types like the paralysis tick, which is prevalent in eastern Australia and can cause severe complications if untreated.

7. Heartworm
While once common, heartworm infections in dogs have become rarer thanks to effective vaccines and preventive medications. Nonetheless, untreated heartworm can be fatal, so regular prevention is essential.

8. Obesity
Overweight dogs face increased risks of developing diseases such as kidney problems, cardiac issues, and arthritis. If your dog is gaining weight, consult your veterinarian for strategies to help maintain a healthy, balanced weight through diet and exercise.

9. Broken Bones
Bone fractures might occur due to accidents—like being hit by a car or falling from height. Look for signs like swelling, limping, protruding bones, or whimpering. Dogs often hide pain, so close monitoring and prompt vet visits are crucial if you suspect a fracture.

10. Cancer
As dogs age, they are more susceptible to various types of cancer, similar to humans. Common forms include mammary tumors, prostate cancer, lymphoma, and melanoma. Early detection is vital—keep an eye out for unusual lumps, spots, or growths on the skin, ears, or around the eyes. Treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation are available, and early diagnosis significantly improves outcomes.